As a researcher, you want to have as much control as possible over what goes into your study animals. At Inotiv, we understand that. That is why we developed Teklad Global Rodent Diets®.
Teklad Global Rodent Diets® are a special integrated range of vegetarian laboratory rodent diets developed to be nutritionally complete for various life stages from breeding through long-term maintenance. Global rodent laboratory diets contain levels of protein, energy, vitamins and minerals that are more appropriate to the needs of modern biomedical research studies.
Furthermore, in global rodent diets particular attention has been placed on avoiding, as far as practical, ingredients that are reported to have adverse confounding effects on experimental results. This has resulted in a range of Teklad rodent laboratory diets that contain:
No fish meal
No meat meals or meat by-products
No alfalfa meal
No soybean meal or reduced levels
No animal fat
By excluding animal by-products, the presence of nitrosamines (a potential carcinogen) is avoided. Exclusion of alfalfa meal reduces chlorophyll, improving optical imaging clarity. Reduction or removal of soybean meal, together with elimination of alfalfa meal, minimizes levels of naturally-occurring phytoestrogens. Phytoestrogens interact with endogenous estrogens and potentially can affect studies in many research areas. Read more about this in these pieces:
Not all products are stocked locally; extended lead time and additional fees may apply. Many diets are available in certified format designated by a “C” following the product code. When diets are certified a representative sample is tested for a panel of contaminants. If not stocked as certified, certification can be made available upon request. Minimum order size and additional charges may apply.
Click here for recommendations on shelf life and storage
Traditional rodent diets were formulated decades ago based on understanding of rodent nutrition, ingredients, and diet manufacturing at the time. While traditional diets will supply the known nutrient needs of your laboratory animals, we recommend you consider the use of a diet from our newer global diet line for your modern research needs.
Teklad Global Rodent Diets® are modern formulas designed to reduce research variables. Specifically, these diets contain more appropriate nutrient levels, and limit or exclude ingredients that are reported to have effects on a wide variety of research endpoints.
Lower, more appropriate protein levels can improve survival and reduce morbidity
Vegetarian with no nitrosamines (a potential carcinogen)
Formulated to exclude alfalfa meal, greatly improving fluorescent imaging clarity
Formulated to exclude or lower soybean meal, thus minimizing the presence of isoflavones, the primary type of phytoestrogen found in lab animal diets
Extruded rodent diets dramatically reduce clumping and hardness after autoclaving (2018SX , 2019S , 2020SX ), and in general result in less diet waste and cleaner cages
Teklad rodent diets are natural-ingredient diets specifically formulated to provide the proper balance of all known nutrients considered essential for the growth, maintenance, and reproduction of rats, mice, gerbils and hamsters. These diets conform to the nutrient requirements for rodents established by the National Research Council (1995).
Teklad rodent diets provide uniform nutrition. They are fixed-formula diets designed to minimize the nutrient variances which otherwise could occur if the ingredient composition of a diet were altered from one batch to the next.
Protein is supplied primarily by plant sources. Supplemental amino acids are added to provide the proper amount and balance of essential amino acids. All rodent diets are fortified with vitamins and minerals to help support the regulation of body fluids and the proper functioning of body systems to ensure the adequate growth, maintenance, and reproduction of research rodents. Autoclavable diets are supplemented with additional vitamins to compensate for losses that occur during autoclaving. Since our diets are nutritionally complete and balanced, it is not necessary to add dietary supplements.
Standard natural ingredient rodent diets are complete diets for rats, mice, gerbils and hamsters, that should be allowed ad libitum access to the diet. Fresh water should be available at all times.
上海金畔生物科技有限公司代理Harlan Teklad动物饲料全线产品，欢迎访问Harlan Teklad动物饲料官网了解更多信息。
Harlan Teklad动物饲料Terms of Use
Website Use / Legal Notices and Disclaimers
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The following agreement outlines your obligations when using the Inotiv website available at Inotivco.com, (the “Site”). The Site is owned and operated by Inotiv, Inc. (“Inotiv®”), and is accessed by you under the terms of use described below (“Terms of Use”). PLEASE READ THESE TERMS OF USE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE SERVICES. BY ACCESSING THE SITE OR ANY CONTENT ON THE SITE, YOU AGREE TO BECOME BOUND BY THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO ALL THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, THEN YOU MAY NOT ACCESS THE SITE OR USE THE CONTENT OR ANY SERVICES IN THE SITE. INOTIV’S ACCEPTANCE IS EXPRESSLY CONDITIONED UPON YOUR ASSENT TO ALL OF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS, TO THE EXCLUSION OF ALL OTHER TERMS; IF THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS ARE CONSIDERED AN OFFER BY INOTIV, ACCEPTANCE IS EXPRESSLY LIMITED TO THESE TERMS.
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Inotiv, Inc. and its group of companies (collectively, “Inotiv,” “we,” “us,” and “our,”) respect your privacy and are committed to safeguarding and respecting the privacy of your personal information. This Privacy Policy describes our practices when you use our websites or otherwise interact with us online or offline (together, our “Services”).
PERSONAL INFORMATION WE COLLECT
When you access or use our Services, we may collect the following categories of information:
Identifiers and Contact Information, such as:
First name, last name, title, username or similar identifier, e-mail address, phone number
Technical Data, such as:
Internet protocol address (IP), your login data, browser type and version, time zone setting and location, browser plug-in types and versions, operating system and platform, other technology on the devices you use to access this website
Usage Data, such as:
Information about how you use our websites, such as pages viewed, how much time you spent on a page, date, and length of visits
Profile Data, such as:
Your areas of research, areas of interest, preferences, feedback and survey responses, role in purchasing
SOURCES OF PERSONAL INFORMATION
We collect information from and about you from the following sources:
Directly from you, when you provide information to us or interact with us, such as when you purchase our products or services, subscribe to our services or publications, request access to or be sent marketing content, participate in surveys, register for an event, or provide us feedback.
Automatically from you when you use or interact with our Services, such as when you interact with our websites. For example, as you interact with our websites, we may automatically collect Technical Data about your equipment, browsing actions and patterns. We collect this information by using cookies, server logs and other similar technologies.
From other third-party sources that provide consumer data, such as information about your interests, demographic information, and marketing inferences; and
From online advertising companies who may share information about the marketing and advertisements you have seen or clicked on, and from other sources of publicly available data.
HOW WE USE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION
We use the information we collect from you for the following purposes:
Provide our Services to you, including to manage any purchases or transactions, facilitate fulfillment, register you as a new customer, manage our relationship with you, and provide important notices;
For customers, to assess your credit application and evaluate credit worthiness;
Respond to your requests, questions and comments and provide customer support;
Monitor the performance of our Services, including metrics such as total number of visitors, traffic, and demographic patterns, and conduct analytics;
Interact with you, including to notify you regarding products, services, and promotions that may be of interest to you;
Tailor the content we display to you in our Services and communications, including advertising, and offer products and services that we believe may be of interest to you;
Manage, operate, and improve the Services and grow our business, including understanding our customer base and the effectiveness of our marketing, events, promotional campaigns, and publications, and diagnose or fix technology problems;
In processing your personal information, we rely on one or more of the following legal bases:
Performance of a Contract: Where use of your information is necessary to provide you with the Services under a contract or to take steps, at your request, before entering a contract.
Legitimate Interest: Where use of your information is necessary for our legitimate interests and where the use is not outweighed by your rights and interests. Our legitimate interests include, but are not limited to, providing the Services, improving the Services, recognizing and better understanding users of the Services, marketing, and promoting the Services.
Legal Obligation: Where use of your information is necessary to comply with laws, regulations, or other legal process.
Consent: We may ask you for consent, when required by applicable law, to process your information in a certain way.
HOW WE DISCLOSE YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION
Affiliates. We may disclose your information to companies that we own or control, that are owned or controlled by us, or that are under common ownership or control.
Service Providers. To provide and support the Services, sometimes we use other companies as service providers to transmit, collect, process, or store information for us. We require these service providers to treat the information we share with them as confidential and to use it only for providing their services to us. These include:
Accounting, auditing, and tax providers
Banking providers
Insurance providers
Professional services providers, such as firms that provide consultative services, provide legal services, or supply project-based resources and assistance
Marketing and advertising entities that assist us in creating and executing marketing, advertising, and sales programs
Security providers, such as entities that assist with security incident verification and response, service notifications, fraud prevention, identity verification and management, and authentication
Information technology providers, such as entities that assist with website design, hosting, maintenance, data and software storage, and network operations
Corporate Event. If Inotiv, or any portion of our assets, is acquired by, merged with, transferred to, or invested in by another company, we may share your personal information with that company or other third parties involved in the business transition.
Marketing, advertising and analytics providers. We disclose information to other companies that conduct marketing and advertising services to promote our Services. This includes directing digital (online) targeted advertising and other marketing offers, promotions, rewards, contests, upcoming events, and notices to you.
Legal. We share information where necessary to comply with applicable law, to respond to requests from law enforcement agencies or other government authorities or third parties, as permitted by law, and without your consent when it is necessary to protect our customers, employees, or property, in emergency situations, or to enforce rights under our terms or service and policies.
HOW LONG WE KEEP YOUR PERSONAL INFORMATION
We keep your data for only as long it is needed to complete the purpose for which it was collected or as required by law. To determine the appropriate retention period for personal information, we use the following criteria:
The business purposes for which the information is used, and the length of time for which the information is required to achieve those purposes;
Whether we are required to retain the information type in order to comply with legal obligations or contractual commitments, to defend against potential legal claims, or is otherwise necessary to investigate theft or other activities potentially in violation of Inotiv’s policies and procedures applicable to you or against the law, to ensure a secure online environment, or to protect health and safety;
The privacy impact on individuals of ongoing retention; and
The manner in which information is maintained and flows through our systems, and how best to manage the lifecycle of information in light of the volume and complexity of the systems in our infrastructure.
Individual pieces of personal information such as those listed above may exist in different systems that are used for different business or legal purposes. A different maximum retention period may apply to each use case of the information. Certain individual pieces of information may also be stored in combination with other individual pieces of information, and the maximum retention period may be determined by the purpose for which that information set is used.
COOKIES NOTICE
Our websites use cookies and similar technologies. For more information regarding our use of cookies and how to restrict information collected on our websites, please see our Cookies Statement.
Your browser or device may include “Do Not Track” functionality. Because definitions and rules for a “Do Not Track” standard have not yet been established, including whether such signals must be user-enabled, we do not yet respond to “Do Not Track” signals sent from browsers. However, our website is designed to honor Global Privacy Control signals.
SECURITY MEASURES
Protecting your personal information is important to us. We use a combination of physical, technical, and administrative safeguards to protect the information we collect through the Services. While we use these precautions to safeguard your information, we cannot guarantee the security of the networks, systems, servers, devices, and databases we operate or that are operated on our behalf.
CROSS BORDER TRANSFERS
If you use our Services outside of the United States, you understand that we may collect, process, and store your personal information in the United States and other countries. The laws in the U.S. regarding personal information may be different from the laws of your state or country. Any such transfers will have appropriate safeguards as required by relevant law.
INFORMATION FROM CHILDREN
Our websites are not directed toward children under 16 years of age, and Inotiv does not knowingly collect any information from children under 16 years of age. If we learn that we have inadvertently gathered Personal Information from a child under the age of 16, we will take reasonable measures to promptly remove that information from our records.
YOUR PRIVACY RIGHTS
Depending on where you reside, you may have the following rights with respect to your personal information under applicable data protection laws in your jurisdiction:
Right of Access: The right to request information about and access to the personal information we are processing about you.
Right to Correction: The right to correct any inaccuracies in the personal information that we hold about you and, where applicable, to complete any incomplete personal information that we hold.
Right to Erasure: The right to request that we erase the personal information that we hold about you.
Right to Restriction of Processing: The right to restrict our processing of your personal information under certain circumstances, including our processing of personal information considered sensitive and automated profiling that would produce legal or other similar significant effects.
Right to Opt-Out of Sale/Sharing: The right to opt-out of targeted advertising and the sale of personal information.
Right to Data Portability: The right to receive personal information concerning you in a structured, common, and machine-readable format or request transmission of the data to a third party.
Right to Object: he right to object to the processing of your personal information based on our legitimate interests at any time. We will no longer process the data, unless there are compelling legitimate grounds for our processing that override the interests, rights, and freedoms of the data subject, or the processing serves the purpose of asserting, exercising, or defending legal claims. You may also have the right to object at any time to the use of your data for direct marketing.
Right to Withdraw Consent: If we are processing your personal information based on your consent, you have the right to withdraw your consent at any time.
Lodge a Complaint: Users that reside in the EEA, Switzerland, or the UK have the right to lodge a complaint about our data collection and processing actions with the supervisory authority concerned. Contact details for data protection authorities are available here.
You are your authorized agent may submit a request to exercise your rights through this Data Rights Request form or via email at dataprivacymanager@inotivco.com. To opt-out of targeted advertising or sale of personal information, please click the “Do Not Sell or Share My Information” link. You will not receive discriminatory treatment for the exercise of your rights. If we deny your request, you may have the right to appeal our decision. You can request further review via email to dataprivacymanager@inotivco.com. Please note that, in order to verify your identity, we may require you to provide us with information prior to accessing any records containing information about you.
We may have a reason under the law why we do not have to comply with your request, or we may comply with it in a more limited way than you anticipated. If we do, we will explain that to you in our response.
CHANGES TO THE PRIVACY POLICY
We reserve the right to modify, alter, or update this Privacy Policy from time to time without prior notice. We will post those changes on this page in addition to updating the “Last Updated” at the top of this webpage. Modifications shall become effective immediately upon being posted.
HOW TO CONTACT US
In the event you have any questions about this Privacy Policy, please contact us by:
Emailing us at dataprivacymanager@inotivco.com
Writing us at:
Attention: Data Privacy Manager Inotiv, Inc. 8520 Allison Pointe Blvd, #400 Indianapolis, IN 46250
NOTICE FOR CALIFORNIA RESIDENTS
California Consumer Privacy Act
California residents have the right to receive notice of the categories of personal information we collect, the purposes for which those categories of personal information will be used, and how we determine the length of time for which the personal information is maintained. You are also entitled to receive notice regarding how we disclose personal information and your rights.
The following chart describes our practices with regard to the collection, use, and retention of your personal information. The categories we use to describe the information are those listed in the California Consumer Privacy Act. Certain personal information may fall into multiple categories, and in some circumstances, how we use and how long we keep the information within each category will vary. The examples of personal information listed below are illustrative. If a category is not listed, we do not collect it.
Category
Required Information
Personal Identifiers
Examples of what we collect: name, email address, phone number, username Sources: Directly from you; third parties Purpose of collection and use: All purposes listed in How We Use Your Personal Information Retention Considerations: Certain identifiers are maintained throughout our relationship with you in order to provide the Services. When you are no longer a customer, we may still need this information for a period of time for business and legal requirements, such as to calculate taxes and protect against fraud.
Personal information categories listed in the California Customer
Examples of what we collect: address, telephone number Sources: Directly from you; third parties
Records statute (Cal. Civ. Code § 1798.80(e))
Purpose of collection and use: All purposes listed in How We Use Your Personal Information Retention Considerations: Certain personal information is maintained throughout our relationship with you in order to provide the Services. When you are no longer a customer, we may still need this information for a period of time for business and legal requirements, such as to calculate taxes and protect against fraud.
Internet or other similar network activity
Examples of what we collect: Unique numerical identifier, cookie or tracking pixel information, device ID, browsing history, search history, IP address, interaction with a website, or interaction with advertisement Sources: Automatically from you; third parties Purpose of collection and use: All purposes listed in How We Use Your Personal Information Retention Considerations: Internet or other similar network activity is typically deleted at regular intervals when the information is no longer necessary for the purpose for which it was collected.
Any category of personal information listed in the chart may be disclosed for a business purpose to service providers that we engage to conduct activities on our behalf.
Sale or Sharing of Personal Information.We “sell” or “share” (as defined under California law) the following categories of personal information to the following categories of parties:
Identifiers: to advertising, marketing, and analytics providers
Internet or Electronic Network Activity Information: to advertising, marketing, and analytics providers
Right to Opt Out of “Sale” or “Sharing” of Personal Information. You have a right to opt out from future “sales” or “sharing” of personal information. You can exercise this right by clicking the “Do Not Sell or Share My Information” link.
Right to Know, Correct, and Request Deletion. You have the right to request that we disclose what personal information we collect, use, and sell, as well as the right to request that we delete certain personal information that we have collected from you. If we hold personal information that is not accurate, you have the right to request that we correct this information.
You or your authorized agent may submit a request to exercise your rights by submitting a Data Rights Request form or by calling 833-448-3273.
For your security and to ensure unauthorized parties do not access your personal information, we will require you to verify your identity before we can act on your request. For requests to correct inaccurate information, we may ask you to provide documentation that demonstrates why or how the existing information is inaccurate.
Before accepting a request from an authorized agent, we will require the agent to provide proof you have authorized it to act on your behalf, and we may need you to verify your identity directly with us or confirm that you provided the authorized agent permission to submit the request.
Right to Restrict Use of Sensitive Personal Information.California residents have the right to request that a business limit its processing of sensitive personal information under certain circumstances. You can exercise your right by submitting aData Rights Requestform, by calling 833-448-3273 or by emailing us atdataprivacymanager@inotivco.com.
Right to Non-Discrimination.You have a right not to receive discriminatory treatment for the exercise of your privacy rights.
Shine the Light law
California residents are entitled to request and obtain certain information about the disclosure of certain categories of their Personal Information to third parties for their direct marketing purposes. Requests may be sent todataprivacymanager@inotivco.com.
Diet can be a useful tool to induce or accelerate atherosclerosis in laboratory animal models. Key dietary features used to induce atherosclerosis in rodents vary depending on the research model, desired endpoint, and length of feeding. While formulations of atherogenic diets continue to evolve, the options that are well-described in the literature are summarized below. For more information on each diet option and literature references see the expandable tabs following the diet table.
Research use
Key dietary features
Examples
“Western” purified atherogenic diet
Accelerated hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation in genetically modified models such as Apoe and Ldlr deficient mice.
Used for diet induced obesity in a variety of rodent models.
High fat diet (20 – 23% by weight; 40 – 45% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >60% of total fatty acids)
*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available.
“Western” purified atherogenic diet
“Western” style diets are fed to genetically-modified cardiovascular models, such as Apoe and Ldlr deficient mice, to accelerate and enhance hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation and to elicit phenotypes commonly associated with metabolic syndrome. Within the atherogenic literature, a “Western” diet typically is described as a purified rodent diet with 20-23% milkfat/butterfat, 0.2% total cholesterol, and 34% sucrose by weight. TD.88137 is an example of a “Western” style diet that was originally designed to characterize and enhance atherosclerosis development in a newly generated Apoe-deficient mouse model. Contact us for more information about “Western” style diets, modifications, or possible control diets.
TD.10885 (45% fat Kcal diet (0.2% total cholesterol)
Research use:
Accelerated hypercholesterolemia and plaque formation in genetically-modified models, such as Apoe and Ldlr deficient mice.
Used for diet-induced obesity in a variety of rodent models.
Key dietary features:
High Fat Diet (20-23% by weight; 40 – 45% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >60% of total fatty acids)
Milkfat/butterfat
Sucrose (34% by weight)
Cholesterol (0.2% total)
References:
Febbraio, M., et al., Targeted disruption of the class B scavenger receptor CD36 protects against atherosclerotic lesion development in mice. J Clin Invest, 2000. 105(8): p. 1049-56.
Huszar, D., et al., Increased LDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis in LDL receptor-deficient mice with attenuated expression of scavenger receptor B1. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2000. 20(4): p. 1068-73.
Nakashima, Y., et al., ApoE-deficient mice develop lesions of all phases of atherosclerosis throughout the arterial tree. Arterioscler Thromb, 1994. 14(1): p. 133-40.
Nakashima, Y., et al., Upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 at atherosclerosis-prone sites on the endothelium in the ApoE-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1998. 18(5): p. 842-51.
Plump, A.S., et al., Severe hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice created by homologous recombination in ES cells. Cell, 1992. 71(2): p. 343-53.
Towler, D.A., et al., Diet-induced diabetes activates an osteogenic gene regulatory program in the aortas of low density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. J Biol Chem, 1998. 273(46): p. 30427-34.
Tsuchiya, K., et al., FoxOs integrate pleiotropic actions of insulin in vascular endothelium to protect mice from atherosclerosis. Cell Metab, 2012. 15(3): p. 372-81.
“Western” purified atherogenic diet with added cholesterol and cholate source*
Wild type mice and rats generally are resistant to atherosclerosis, requiring more extreme dietary manipulation to modify lipoprotein profiles and develop mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks). Modern formulations are made completely of purified ingredients because this more refined approach has been reported to decrease the incidence of gallstones and liver damage associated with less refined and more traditional dietary approaches. To induce mild atherosclerosis in wild type animals, the “Western” purified diet can be modified to increase cholesterol (1-1.25%) and add a bile salt such as sodium cholate or cholic acid. Contact us for more information, modifications, or possible control diets.
Examples of purified high fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*:
Induce hypercholesterolemia and mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks) primarily in wild type mice and rats.
Will not promote obesity.
Key dietary features:
High fat diet (15-20% by weight; 34 – 45% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >55% of total fatty acids)
Milkfat/butterfat, cocoa butter
Sucrose (30-50% by weight)
Cholesterol (1 – 1.25%)
Cholate source (0.5%)*
References:
Bernal, C., et al., Lipid biomarkers and metabolic effects of lycopene from tomato juice on liver of rats with induced hepatic steatosis. J Nutr Biochem, 2013. 24(11): p. 1870-81.
Gao, Q., et al., Atherogenic diets exacerbate colitis in mice deficient in glutathione peroxidase. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2010. 16(12): p. 2043-54.
Lichtman, A.H., et al., Hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic lesion development in LDL receptor-deficient mice fed defined semipurified diets with and without cholate. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1999. 19(8): p. 1938-44.
Marcondes, M.C., et al., Effects of chronic mental stress and atherogenic diet on the immune inflammatory environment in mouse aorta. Brain Behav Immun, 2011. 25(8): p. 1649-57.
Nishina, P.M., et al., Effects of dietary fats from animal and plant sources on diet-induced fatty streak lesions in C57BL/6J mice. J Lipid Res, 1993. 34(8): p. 1413-22.
Nishina, P.M., et al., Atherosclerosis and plasma and liver lipids in nine inbred strains of mice. Lipids, 1993. 28(7): p. 599-605.
Yue, P., et al., Enhanced hepatic apoA-I secretion and peripheral efflux of cholesterol and phospholipid in CD36 null mice. PLoS One, 2010. 5(3): p. e9906.
Nishina, P.M., J. Verstuyft, and B. Paigen, Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. J Lipid Res, 1990. 31(5): p. 859-69.
*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available. See TD.96121 for a purified diet and TD.94059 for a hybrid diet. Contact us for additional options.
Hybrid high fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*
Beverly Paigen and colleagues first characterized atherosclerosis development in C57BL/6 mice by feeding a hybrid atherogenic diet. The hybrid diet was created by mixing a natural ingredient mouse diet in a 3:1 ratio with a concentrated purified diet (containing 5% cholesterol and 2% sodium cholate; referred to as Thomas-Hartroft diet). The resulting mixture recreated in TD.88051 contains ~15.8% fat, 1.25% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate. This group later compared the hybrid atherogenic diet approach to the more modern “western” purified atherogenic diet with added cholesterol and cholate and found that the hybrid atherogenic diet induced more gallstones and liver damage. Hybrid diets contain a variety of unrefined ingredients that may modify lipid metabolism and atherogenesis and do not allow for precise control of ingredients and nutrients for the study of chronic diseases. Although more refined diets have been developed, hybrid atherogenic diets are still popular for inducing mild atherosclerosis and gallstones in wild type mice and rats. Contact us for more information, modifications, or possible control diets.
Examples of hybrid high-fat diets with added cholesterol and cholate source*:
Induce hypercholesterolemia and mild atherosclerosis (foam cells, fatty streaks) primarily in wild type mice and rats.
Will not promote obesity.
Also used for lithogenic (gallstone) rodent studies.
Key dietary features:
75% rodent breeder diet; 25% purified ingredients
High fat (~15% by weight; 37% kcal from fat)
Saturated fatty acids (SFA >45% of total fatty acids)
Cholesterol (1.25%)
Cholate source (0.5%)*
References:
Nishina, P.M., J. Verstuyft, and B. Paigen, Synthetic low and high fat diets for the study of atherosclerosis in the mouse. J Lipid Res, 1990. 31(5): p. 859-69.
Clee, S.M., et al., Plasma and vessel wall lipoprotein lipase have different roles in atherosclerosis. J Lipid Res, 2000. 41(4): p. 521-31.
George, J., et al., Enhanced fatty streak formation in C57BL/6J mice by immunization with heat shock protein-65. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1999. 19(3): p. 505-10.
Miyake, J.H., et al., Transgenic expression of cholesterol-7-alpha-hydroxylase prevents atherosclerosis in C57BL/6J mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2002. 22(1): p. 121-6.
Paigen, B., et al., Quantitative assessment of atherosclerotic lesions in mice. Atherosclerosis, 1987. 68(3): p. 231-40.
Schreyer, S.A., D.L. Wilson, and R.C. LeBoeuf, C57BL/6 mice fed high fat diets as models for diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 1998. 136(1): p. 17-24.
Vergnes, L., et al., Cholesterol and cholate components of an atherogenic diet induce distinct stages of hepatic inflammatory gene expression. J Biol Chem, 2003. 278(44): p. 42774-84.
*Sodium cholate or cholic acid aid cholesterol and fat absorption and reduce cholesterol disposal via bile acid synthesis. However, if including a cholate source is not desired for your research, diets without cholate are available. See TD.96121 for a purified diet and TD.94059 for a hybrid diet. Contact us for additional options.
Standard diets with added cholesterol
Standard, natural ingredient diets with cholesterol added are fed to induce hypercholesterolemia. Various levels of cholesterol, fat, and/or bile salts can be added to one of the numerous standard rodent diets stocked by Inotiv Teklad. For many applications, adding these components to Inotiv’s minimal-to-moderate phytoestrogen global rodent diets is recommended. Our minimal phytoestrogen global rodent diets are soybean meal free, limiting the effect of phytoestrogens on your research outcomes. Soybean meal, a common dietary source of phytoestrogens, has been shown to decrease aortic fatty streak development and modify plasma cholesterol, which may reduce the risk of developing atherosclerosis. Limiting dietary soybean meal may reduce confounding variables within your dietary-induced atherosclerosis model. Contact a nutritionist to discuss additional diet options.
Examples of minimal and moderate phytoestrogen rodent diets with added cholesterol:
Induce hypercholesterolemia in genetically-modified and wild type models without promoting obesity.
Key dietary features:
Standard, grain-based rodent diet
Minimal/moderate phytoestrogen diets recommended
Cholesterol (1 – 4%)
References:
Belch, J.J., et al., Longitudinal assessment of endothelial function in the microvasculature of mice in-vivo. Microvasc Res, 2013. 85: p. 86-92.
Hartvigsen, K., et al., A diet-induced hypercholesterolemic murine model to study atherogenesis without obesity and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2007. 27(4): p. 878-85.
Diets for additional animal models of atherosclerosis
Rabbits, hamsters, and swine are common models of atherosclerosis. Contact a nutritionist for information and formula examples. See rabbit, swine and other species for information and formula examples.
For additional phytoestrogen information, see our list of phytoestrogen references.
